Harald Gruber coordinates technology analysis as well as project appraisal in the Projects Directorate at the European Investment Bank. He also works on the Bank’s business strategy with respect to financing of digital infrastructure, semiconductors and space. He is also expert on industrial policy and the economics of digital transformation in general. He has also contributed to defining new financial instruments for the digital sector jointly with European Commission, national promotional banks and private sector. Harald Gruber holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the London School of Economics.